Means for separating and eliminating smoke-suspended matter.



No. 846,448. PATENTED MAR. 12, 1907.

S. BENSON. MEANS FOR SEPARATING AND ELIMINATING SMOKE SUSPENDED MATTER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.17, 1904. RENEWED JULY 28, 1906.

ESHEETS-SHEET 1.

EM: 0 I 1 liliihiii I 5 15 v 7 Wncovea:

g g f PATENTED MAR. 12, 1907.

ATING SMOKE? SUSPENDED MATTER.

O4. RENEWED JULY 28, 1906.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 17, 19

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

' the application of centrifugal force induced class of inventions, I will here briefly define 5O steam upon, the smoke within a fixed duplex SAMUEL. BEN-SON, or

No. 846,448. Specificationof CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

MEANS FOR SEPARATING AND ELIMINATING SMOKE-SUSPENDED MATTER.

Letters Patent. Patented March 12, 1907.

Application filed August 17, 1904. Renewed July 28.19%. Serial No. 328,245.

To all, 2072 0712, it may concern: i

Be it known that I, SAMUEL Benson, a citizen of the United States, residing at 91 14 Washington avenue, city of Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented new and useful Improvements in cans for Separating and Eliminating Smoke-Suspended Matter for Usein Connection with Steam- Boilers, of which the following is a specifica- 'tion.

My invention relates to all steam-generators in which exhaust-steam is used to force the draft. I i

My object is, first, to automatically sepa rate the gases from the solid products of com-- bustion; second, to automatically return the latter to the furnace to utilize their fuel energy; third, to automatically separate the water resulting from condensation of exhaust-steam and to lead it away, and thus prevent dampeningthe fire and the forma tion and. adhesion of pasty clots and consequent clogging of the return passages as 'a result of the water mixing with the solid matter. I attain these objects, primarily, by

and exerted by the impact of the exhaustturbine-wheel, suitably constructed and arranged within the bodyof the stack, which imparts a rapid horizontal whirling movement to the gases escaping through the curved ports or slots provided around the periphery of the wheel, which is inclosed by a suitable outer casing, againstwhich the heavier-matter, water included, is whirled. 'Ih smoke when thus centrifugally filtered is pushed back inwardly and escapes at the usual vent. The heavier matter is driven. into a slot or slots provided in the outer cas ing, communicating with one or more parallel'upright cylinders, preferably having an interiorvolute form, where any free water contained is separated byrcentrifugal force and the solid. matter is led to the furnace .a'nd eliminated by combustion.

To avoid confusion with the numerous more' orl'ess interblending devices of this the distinctive features of my invention.

First, the action is automatic throughout. Second, the movement of the deflected draft currents carrying suspended matter from and to the fire-box is continuous. Hence no provision is made or required for any receptacles for sparks or cinders within i or outside of the stack;

Third, the usual straight stack beginning at the saddle is dispensed'with, andthis space is occupied by a cone approximately. conforming inheight to the outer stacl -body, which forms a defining partition -wall between" theascending crude smoke on the inside and the ascending filtered gases on the outside of the cone, Figs. 3 'and 4. Fourth, a series of lateral radial hollow arms open into the cone and discharge the crude smoke tangentially at the periphery into the annular space inside the outer cylindrical casing, resulting in a rapid whirl, inducing centrifugal action. Fifth, between; the described hollow arms or spokesan alternately-disposed conforming series of deflecting-plates are provided at the periphery adapted to deflect ponderable matter outwardly and toaiiord suitable pas sage-Ways to the smoke-outlet;- Sixth, the cone and. attached hollow arms and. briefly described here, together with suitable attached'base and top plates and suitable deflecting members, comprise a fixed duplex turbine-wheel, Seventh, the described tur-' bins-wheel is adapted to distribute radially "the crude smoke anddischarge it tangentially within the described annular chamberand to impel and projectjit in a horizontal uniform whirl. 'Eighth, one' or more supplementary centrifugal separating-cylinders conformably and outwardly disposed and secured to the outer stack-body and freely communicating with the whirl-chamber is provided to separate the water andconduct the solid matter towardthe fire-box for combustion;

The enumerated and 'other features are elsewhere more definitely described. l The accompanying drawings illustrate the mechanism employed by me.

Figure 13 is a side elevation of a locomotiveboiler provided with the stack and separating devices; the s'moke'b0x partly broken away to disclose the interior details. of construction. Fig. 2 is an enlarged side elevation of the stack, showing in section the separator and a fragment of the boiler. Fi 3 is a transverse section of Fig. 2 on the line a band slows the interior construction and other details. A vertical mid-section of the separating-cylinder. and distributing branch pipes (llSC-lQSlIl their interior" construction is shown on the ines g h, Figs. 2 and 3, corresponding with line m n, Fig. 4. Fig. 4 is, a transverse section corresponding to Figs. 1, 2, and 3 as seen looking down from the lines ports ed, Fig. 3. Fig. is a vertical mid-section of l a detached inverted turbine slightly modi fied, yet mainly corresponding to that shown in'Figs. 3 and 4.

Fig. 6 is a transverse section of the full figure of 5 as seen looking down from the line e f. It will be understood thatthe short description involving Figs. 3 and 4 and 5 and 6 applies mainly with direct reference 'to Figs. 3 and 4', like letters or figures referring to the same or similar parts n the dlfferentviews.

Arrows show the direction of the draftstructure and that the lines are subject to such obvious modifications as a departure from the cylindrical to a coniform casing and conformable turbine-wheel or in the efi'acement of the projecting apexes of angles (when objectionable in contour or because obstruc-.

tive to draft-currents (by-the substitution" of blending curves between converging lines or otherwise.

1 shows the general external appear--- ance of my improved smokestackftogether with the separator-cylinder 1, the outer cas ing 2, the'smokeeescape pipe 3, the cap-plate 4, the base ring-plate 5, the usual saddle 6, the common petticoat-pipes 7 and 8, and the or.- dinary exhaust-pipe 9,'as seen through the broken-away shell .of the smoke-box A. At 10 is shown a receiving-chamber, provided with two outlet branch pipes, having suitable couplings for pipes, the return-pipe 11 being secured thereto, the lower end of which opens into the fire-box through a common air-tube, as at 13 or otherwise. The branch pipe 12, shown broken off below the coupling, is provided to carry away'the waste water of condensation and may lead to and discharge within the smoke-box or elsewhere, as'required.

In Figs. 2 and 3 are shown a broken-away fragment of a steam-boiler B, upon which is mounted and secured the usual saddle 6, provided with a flange-plate 5, which rests upon and is secured to or may be integral with the usual upper flange of the saddle. 6 and is adapted to form a base upon which to secure and include the reversible turbine O and the outer reversible casing 2.

The term duplex as herein applied to this turbine-wheel relates to the double and alternating series'of passages, cutting through the face of the periphery and conducting oppositely-directed draft-currents, the described functions and construction being novel and essential elements of the general plan herewith disclosed.

Theduplex turbine here shown is adapted to receive from the five 14 the crude smoke casing and stack.

and conduct anddischarge it tangentially. at and through the periphery, then .to centrifugally filter and return inwardly the cleansed gases at and through the periphery through a series of suitable approximately radial passages disposed and arranged alternately between the outgoing discharge-passages and to further conduct and eject the gases-to and through the outlet 3.

It will be understoodthat the reversible property of this duplex turbine-wheel is a normal" incident, due to the formation and construction resulting from the required function's. Eitherend may-be regarded as the top .or head, and the wheel may be constructed and secured in either position, as

preferred, the operationbeing substantially similar.

The cone D or its equivalent may be regarded as the hollow hub of the fixed duplex turbine-wheel C and is provided with hollow arms or spokes'18, conforming to, encircling, and adapted-to make-radially continuous the slots or ports 17 from the inside of the cone D to theperiphery'of the turbine C at 19 and vertically to occupy the space between the top and bottom plates 4 and 5 of the outer The hollow spokes or ports 18 are of course closed at the top and bottom and open freely to the inside of the cone D and terminate and open freely outwardly in a curve at the opposite end at and terminatingat the peripheryin divisional curved segments 20, extending from top to bottomof dischar e -ports 19, providing therefor six discharge-vents.

' In'l ig. 6 fourhollow spokes are shown, having single discharge-openings. Any reain view necessary arrangement and areas to maintain satisfactory draft conditions and suitabledeflecting-surfaces- This-wheel may be built up of any obviously suitable. materials, secured together, or. any referredgroup of members may be assem led and I sonable number will be practicable, keeping cast integrally as may be determined by specific conditions of use and manufacture. The divisional curved segn1ents20 or other vertically-disposed members may be secured by flanges and rivets or in any other suitable manner (if not integral) to ring-plates 22 and 23 and are intended to better direct and defleet the draft-currents. The similar .seg-

ments 21, arranged in series between the hollow spokes 18, as shown, conform in general to the uniform trend of all curvesembraced Within'the orbit in which they are included. In extension, construction, or other particulars the same, general description applies as given to segments 20. Between the adjacent curved faces" spaces are provided forming ports 15 or other equivaents.

videfor the overlapping ends 'tically between and closed eap-plate .4,and ring-plate 5, the turbine C The outer .ca sing 2 may consist of two concentric sheets, each somewhat exceeding a half-circle in circumference and so arrangedand secured that the overlapping contiguous ends may I have a narrow space between formed by ad acent walls of the opposing sheets 2, as shown at 25, Figs. 3 and 4. The slot25 so formed will open inwardly toward the s1nokewhirl and the open d1scharge-nozzles 19 of the turbine C. The halves of the outer casing 2- are heldand secured in place by means of the flanges 26, which may form an'integral part of the separating-cylindei' '1,

, whichcorresponds in length to the casing 2 and may be'riveted, and the whole secured together, as shown in l igs. 1, 2, and, 4. The annular cap-plate 4 and base-plate 5 may be extended laterally to cover and include-the ends of the cylinders 1 1, as shown.

In most cases one set of separatingdevices will suflice. In this case a single concentric sheet'long enough circumferentially to pro to form the slot .25, having said adjacent-overlapping ends sprung slightly apart and secured to and by the flanges 26 of the separating-cylin ders described and shown in igs. 1 and 2 and elsewhere may be employed.

The annular space 24 is rovided as a raceway and separating-cham er, extending verforming its innerboundary, and the inner wall of the outer casing being its'outer limit,

The longitudinal slots 25-in the outer casmg 2 open in'a directionopposing the discharge whirl-nozzles 19, so as to receive and conduct the heavysuspended matter in the passing smoke-whirl into the separatingcylinder 1 as it is split 0'3 by the inner ends of the outer casing or, its equivalent at 33.

A semicircular suitably-perforated strip of sheet metal 27 is secured along and parallel to the vertical edge or end'of the casing 2, forming one side of the volute slot 25, the opposite corresponding edge .cf the perforated strip being secured to the wall of the cylinder 1, leaving a semicrescent-shaped opening 28 between the screen 27 and the cylinder 1 for the passage of waste, water, as shown in Figs." 2 and- 4.

Theoutward circular circumferential extension of .the slots25 and their boundarywalls assume a volute formadapted to'maintain a rapid rotary whirl "of the smoke and suspended matter under the continuous impulse ofthe whirl from the chamber 24' and the suction from the fire-box through returnpi all.

n Fig. 4 it will be noticed that the Whirl in chamber 24 is from right to left, while in the separating-chambers 1 1 the whirl will be oping tothe inside of the engaging end of cyli-a at the ends by der 1 is provided in the base-ring 5. Secured I to the under side of ring 5-is a distributing chamber 10, Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, provided 1 with a cinder-return nozzle 30 and a waste- I water nozzle 31 with means for coupling-plpe l-extensions as required, and also provided l with an elbow extension of the screen 27, which thus forms a continuous transverse and longitudinal screened partition from the cap-plate 4 to the nozzle 30.

The operation will be understood from the i following explanation: The products of combustion, consisting mainly of gases holding in suspension sparks, cinders, ashes, soot, and steam, more or less condensed, and filling the space above and contiguous to the exhaustnozzle .9 receive the impact of, the exhauststeam in the usual manner. The lighter matter, comprising particles of ashes, dust, and

l soot, absorb the cooling steam and tend to' collect together, forming denser masses sensitive and responsive to the general laws of motion. These, together with the cinders and any unconibined water,.are driven forcibly upward with the draft-current established in the usual manner. The upwardly-diminishing space defined by the impinging walls of cone D tend to compress theconfined fluids, which on reacting from this wedge-like lateral thrust against the cone are driven horizontally and-radially outward through the slots .17 into and through the hollow spokes 18, and thence escape tangentially through the curved vertical ports 19 into the whirlchamber 24, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Under substantially similar conditions of impulsion, compression, and reaction the crudesmoke andsuspended matter will enter the whirlchamber 24 through the curved vertical ports -15 of this duplex turbine-wheelwhen in the inverted position shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

time lnparting therewith an intense centrifugal impulse to any suspended ponderable mathter tending to throw it outwardly in a whirling rubbing contact with the inner walls of the outer casing 2.- Tlte slightly inwardly projecting v erticaledgeof the open volute port 25 splitsoff the dense-matt er-laden outer stratumfrom the whirl, which flashes through said port of slot into the separating-cylinder -1, where under the acquired impulse ofthe described Whirl and'the contributory volute form of the impinging walls, together with the downpull of gravity and the draft suction through the return-pipe 1 1, .(or other suitable conduit having free communication with'the interior of the -fire'- box,) a strong downward When under the impulse of the tangential provided. with as may be required. The retained solid matter impelled as described will pass downwardly through the nozzle 30, thence will enter the fire-box through the return-pipe 11, as shown in Fig. 1, (or other preferred returnpassage,) thiis eliminating the combustible matter and utilizing its fuel value.

Having traced the course of the heavier smoke suspended matter outwardly and downwardly, referring mainly to Figs. 3 and 4, the smoke scribed, and thus released from the intense centrifugal strain, it is steadily forced inwardly by the constant inrush of dense in atter-laden smoke, which forms a horizontally-- whirling ring, filling the entire transverse and vertical space in the annular chamber 2 said smoke ring inwardly impinging upon suitable peripheral deflecting-surfaces of the wheel arranged and adapted to deflect retained matter into the outer whirl and being thus filtered and clarified enters the escapeports 15 or their equivalent and passes inwardly through themtoward and through spaces 32 between the hollow arms 18 to the usual vent of the stack. as at. 3, Figs 3 and 4.

'lhe individual constituent members of this device may be readily assembled inpreferred groups or modified so as to be formed into single castings or may be made up whollyor in part of any suitable sheet metal or castings and constructed and arranged in suchrelative proportions, position, number, and di-= mensionsas varying sizes or special conditions may determine. 'lherefore I do not claim, or limit myself in common every-day use in similar work.

Having thus described my automatic centrifugal separator, with means for the separation and elimination of smoke-suspended matter, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

means for the escape for centrifugally separating solid particles from the escaping gases, means for separating liquid from the solid particles and fluidpressure means'for returning said solid parti. cles to the combustion-charnber.

' 2. In an combustion-chamber, a smoke-box in .com-' munication therewith, an exhaustepipe located-in said smoke-box, a casing in communication with-said smoke-box and having a having let go of its load, as de-' apparatus of the class described, a

smoke-outlet at its top, a separating-cylinder secured exteriorly to the casingand in communication therewith, a fixed turbine-wheel within and spaced away from the casing to forman annularwhirl-chamber, said wheel comprising a hollow cone provided with outwardly-extending hollow arms or spokes,'the outlet thereofbeing tangential to the periphery of the wheel said arms forming passageways communicating with the smoke-box and the whirl-chamber, aseries of deflectingsegments located between the cone and the wall of the casing and means of communication between the separating-cylinder and the combustion-chamber.

3. In an apparatus of the class described, a combustion-chamber, a smoke-box in communication therewith, a casing having an outlet at itstop in communication with the smoke-box, a separating-cylinder secured exteriorly to the casing, the ends of the casing wall and the walls of the separating-chamber being arranged toform a communicating volute slot adapted to cause a whirling motion in the separating-cylinder, a perforated partition screen or wall in the separating-cylinder, means of communication between oneside of said wall in the said cylinder and the combustion-chamber and means"of. commue nication from the other side of said Wall to' a suitable offtake and means for producing a rapid. rotary or spiral motion of the products of combustion within the said cylinder.'

4. In an apparatus of the class described, a c'ombustion-cha1nber, a'smoke-boxin com: m-unication therewith, an exhaust-pipe arranged in said-smoke box, a casing provided with a smoke-outlet secured to said smokebox and in communication therewith, a fixed turbine-wheel within and spaced away from the casing, said wheel comprising a hollow cone provided with hollow drms or spokes extending radiallyiand curved tangentially at the periphery, said arms being in communication with the smoke-box and whirl-chamb'er, annular top and bottom plates in said casing, a series of circumferentially-arranged deflecting members secured between said plates in the spaces between the hollow arms and a separating-cylinder exteriorly secured to the casing and in communication therev with and with the combustion-chainber. 1. In an apparatus of the class described, a l l combustion-chamber,

of products of combustion therefrom, means with a smokeoutlet, smoke-whirlingmeans in saidcasing, a se ')arating-chamber secured exteriorly to the casing the ends of the casingwall and thewalls of the separating-cylinder being so connected and arranged as to form a volute passage between them, a screen in the separating-cylinder forming a continuation ofthc said passage, said screen dividing the sand separatmg-chamber into a water-drain space provided with a suitable outlet and a means connected with the separating-chamcincl'er-chamber anal means of conmiunica- Lion between said cinder-chamber and the combiistion-rhaiuber.

6. luau apparatus ol' tl'ie-class described, a combuslion-chamber, asmohc-box in com- -mmiicatiou therewith, an exhaust-pipe in said smoke-box, a casing in communication with the smoke-box, a lixed turbine-wheel within said casing, said wheel comprising a hollow central body provided 1th outwarely-extending curved hollow arms, sa1d i wheel being spaced away from the casing to l'crin ail-annular \i'lurl-chamber, said hollow arms being in communication with the smoke-box and whirl-chamber, annular top and bottom inclosingplates, spaced plates located therebetucen and forming".-passageways leading from the whirl-chamber to the sn'ioke-outlet therefrom, an approximately cylindr cal chamber secured exteriorly to the casing and in communication thereulth,

means for giving products of combustion a spiral mot-ion therein 7 and means of com-- .munication between the said chamber and the combust1o1i-chamber.

7. Inan apparatuscf the class described, a.

combustion-chamber, a smoke-box in communication therewith provided with an ex-.

haust-pipe, a casing in communication with said smoke-box having a slot lIl'liS Side, a

separating-chamber provided with a slot in its side secured to the said casing so that the said slots register, said slots establishing communication between the casingand the separating-chamber, means of communication between said separating-chamber and the combustion-chamber, areversible duplex turbine-wheel within and spaced away from the wall of the casing, said Wheel being capable of operation in either fixed vertical position and means of communication between the smoke-box and the smoke-outlet I from the casing 8. In an apparatus oftheclass' described, a combustion-ch'amber, a smoke-box in com? munication therewith, a fluid-pressure jet in" said smoke-box, one or more petticoat-pipes located in proximity to the said jet, a casing communicating with said pipes having a slot in its side andya smoke-outlet at its top, a

separating-chamber provided with a corre sponding slot inits and securedto the casing so that the said slots registen'thereby establishing communication between the casing and theseparating-charnber, a 'fixe'd duplex turbine wheel within and spaced away from the wall of the casing to form an annular Whirl-chamber, primary centrifugal separating means within said chamber, sec: ondary centrifugal separating means Within said sepaiatingchamber, communicating tubular draft means connecting the separating-chamber and the combustion-chamber .for eliminating combustible matter, tubular I l i i l said wheel member'a-nd outlet. substantially as described. v

f); in anapparatus ct the class described, a combastion-chamber, means lor the escape of products of combustiontherefrom, means for centriiugally separating solid products of combustion from thees'caping gases, means for giving the said solid particles a spiralmotion and nieansfor returning said solid products to the combustionchamber ina. spirallymoving current. 10. in an apparatus of the class described, a combustioirchamber, means for the escape of products of combustion therefrom, means for the return oi a portion of the said prodnote of combustion to the combustion-chamher and fluid-pressure means for propelling the said portion of the products of combustion back to the said chamber in a spira1ly-.

moving current through said means.

l1v inan apparatus of the class-described, a 'ccmbustion-chamber, meansfor the escape of products of combustion therefrom, means for producing a rotary or spiralmovement of said products, fiuid-pressure means to increase the rapidlty or said movement, means for separating the outer portion of the whirling body from the inner portion and means whereby saidseparatedcuter portion may be given a spiral motion and returned to the combustion-chamber in a spirally-moving current by the action of said fluid-pressure means. v

12. In an apparatus of the class described,

' a combustion-chamber, means for the escape of products of combustiontherefrom, a separator in communication therewith for separating unconsumed particlesl'rom the escaping' gases, said separator comprising a casing and means for giving the products of combustion a rotary or spiral movement Within saidcasing and means of communication betweentlie outer portion of said casing and the combustion-chamber, said means extend ing throughout the vertical height of said casing, whereby unconsumed particles, carriedin the outer portion ofthe "whirling products ofccmbustion within the casing may be returned to the combustion chamber.

13. In an apparatus'of the class described, means for separating solid particles from products of combustion, said means comprising a casing, means forgiving said products of combustion a rotary or spiral movement therein, the peripheral wall of said cas- 1 ing being provided wit-111a: slot extending throughout the height thereof, and one or more ofisetlips on the periphery 'ofsaid casing being provided with a slot extending throughout the heightthereof, means for deflecting solid particles outwardly, and one or more oifset lips on the periphery of said casing adjacent said slots for separating theouter portioncl said whirling body from the inner portion.

In an apparatus of the class described, means for separating solid particles from p r0 ducts of combustion, said 1ncansc'ompris-- ing a vertically-disposed casing, fixed turblne-wheel Within and spaced away from the walls of the casing to form an annular whirl.

chamber between the said wheel and wall, said wheelroomprising a hollow cone provided with hollow curved arms outwardly extending therefrom, said wall beingvprovided withone or more slots extending throughout the vertical height of said casing, and one or more offset lips on the inner periphery of said casing adjacent said slot or slots to separate and deflect the outer portion of the products of-combustion within the casing from the inner portion,

16. In an apparatus of the class described, a combustion-chamber, a smoke-box connected therewith, a vertically-disposed. cas-.-

ing connected with said smoke-box and having a smoke outlet at its top, a separatingcylinder secured to the said casing'and co1nmunicating therewith throughout thevertical height thereof, ofisetlips adjacent said means of communicatiom-a fixed turbinewheel within and spaced away from the walls of said casing to form an annular whirlchamber, said wheel comprising a hollow cone provided with hollow curved arms or spokes extending outwardly therefrom to form passage-ways from the smoke boxtothe whirl-chamber and means of'communication between the said separating-cylinder and the said combustion-chamber.

l7.- .In an apparatus of the class described, a combustion-chamber, a smoke-box in communication therewith, a vertically-disposed casing suitably secured to the said" smokebox and having a smoke-outlet, a separatingcylinder secured exteriorly to the casing and communicating therewith throughout thevertical height of the latter, oflset lips adjacent said means of communication, a fixed turbine-wheel within and spaced away from,

the walls of the casing to form a whirl-chamber, said wheel comprising a hollow cone provided with. hollow curved arms or spokes extending outwardly therefrom, to form sage-ways from the smoke-box to the W irlchamber, one or more deflecting elements for throwing solidparticles outwardly and means of communication-between the sep'agating-cylinder and the combustion-cham- 18, In an apparatus of the class described, a combustion-chamber, a smoke-outlet therefrom, a'vertically -disposed casing in dommu nication with said smoke-outlet, said casing being provided with one or more slots in its peripheral wall extending throughout thevertical height thereof, one edge 01'' said slot being nearer the center of said casing than the other edge,-whereby the'first-named edge forms an offset lip, a separating-cylinder secured to the said casing and con'imunicating therewith through said slot, a'fixed turbine- Wheel within and spaced away from the walls, of the casing to fo m an annular whirlchamber, said wheel comprising a hollow cone provided with radially disposed hollow 'arms or spokes forming'passagesways leading from the smoke-outlet to the whirl-chamber and means of communication between said cylinder and the combustion-ehamber.

19. In an apparatus of the class described, a combustion-chamber, a smoke-box in communication therewith, a fluidpressure jet 10 cated in said smoke-box, a vertically-disposed casing in. communication with said smoke box and having a smoke-outlet at its top,'said casing being provided with a slot in its peripheral wall. extending throughout the vertical height thereof one edge "of said slot outstanding from said peripheral wall to form an offset lip, a separating-cylinder secured exteriorly to the said casing and inmomrhunication therewith through said separating cylinder, a fixed turbine 7 wheel within and spaced away from the walls ofthe' casing to form" an annular whirl-chamber,

said wheel comprising a hollow cone 'pro' vided-withhollow tangentially-curved arms or spokes'extending outwardly therefrom, communicating with the smoke box and whirl-chan'iber andmeans of communication between the separating-chember and the combustion-chamber;

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnessesa SAMUEL BENSON Witnesses:

JOHN -l\lAY1IEW, FRANK FOSTER. 

